The Use of Literary Elements in Shakespeare's Hamlet Essay

The Use of Literary Elements in Shakespeare's Hamlet - Essay Example The metaphors are used by the author of the play to reveal that despite the fact that Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle, had killed his brother to attain the throne, they were extremely alike to each other. It shows Hamlet’s belief that both his uncle and father were men who valued their own power more than those people who were around them. It is because of this that eventually, both came to their downfall because had they valued their people, then the tragic events which took place in the play would not have happened. Another important metaphor that is used in the play is that related to the cannon fire, which accompanies the king’s toasts, and this helps to show that Claudius, the king, is united with the land that the rules. In reference to the cannon fire, Hamlet states, "†¦or that the Everlasting had not to fix'd his canon 'gainst self-slaughter!" (Act 1 scene 2). This is used to express Hamlet’s wish that his uncle Claudius would turn into a cloud (a pl ay with the name Claudius) so that when the cannons shot into that cloud, it would be able to kill him. This would, in essence, freed Hamlet from his promise to his father’s ghost that he would kill Claudius to avenge his death. Tone When one considers the tone of this play, one would say that it is extremely dark. This is especially because of the fact that almost all the characters within it either are thinking dark thoughts or are plotting to commit evil things. From the very beginning of the play, we see plenty of anxiety and uncertainty concerning the events that are taking place or are likely to take place. The mood in which Hamlet is put after talking to his father’s ghost is extremely dark, and those who know him come to believe that he is going mad. This dark mood is also transmitted to those who either are around him and their actions, directly or indirectly, reflect the darkness, which is in the play. The soliloquies, which Hamlet has concerning the dark asp ects of life such as betrayal and mortality, are some of the things that contribute to the tone of the play. However, from the first line of the play when the guard, Bernardo yells, â€Å"Who’s there!† (Act 1 scene 1) the dark tone of the play is set. It is later revealed that this may have been an expression of the anxiety, which the guards felt after seeing the ghost of their former king several times during the nights. Style One of the aspects of style that is revealed when one reads Hamlet is the use of verse among the main characters when they speak. These characters often use words, which have an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one. This creates a rhythmic pattern in their speech and it can be said that Shakespeare used this style of writing in order to keep the attention of the audience on the play and the characters within it. An example of the use of verse in the play is in Act 1 scene 2 when Hamlet states, â€Å"O, that this too too solid flesh w ould melt, Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!† When one considers Hamlet’s soliloquies, one will find that he often speaks in a formal tone, and this is used to reveal that he comes from the nobility.  

UNIT 3 Science DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 3 Science DB - Essay Example In fact whatever energy I am using at my home is residential use of energy. Now it was time to go college. I picked up my bike to reach there. In this process I used energy for transportation and fuel was petrol. College classroom lighting was also using commercial electricity. After the day I reached back home and after dinner and couple of hours on internet, went to sleep. My primary source of energy at home is electricity. Day 2 /Day 3: Daily activities of these days were almost same, apart from my visit to hospital on day three. There also lightings, lifts, ACs and other medical equipment were running on electricity supplied by electric company but backup was also available in form of generators running on diesel. One more form of energy which I saw here, was that for heating water. They used solar panels for heating it. In above experiences, main supplier for my daily energy needs was our electrical company, and I could not have experience of largest energy end use i.e. industrial, with highest expected growth rate of 2.4 percent per year (International Energy Outlook, 2006, p.1). Our electricity company is MAHAGENCO. As per its website, it generates electricity mostly from its Thermal Power Plants which uses Coal as the main fuel. This fact is in line with world over trend, wherein 40 percent of electricity is produced from Coal as a main fuel If I look back on my energy consumption, there are various areas where in I can make certain changes to make my self more energy efficient. This can be achieved by reducing my gross energy consumption as well as using more and more alternative energy sources. By reducing my energy consumption I would be contributing, whatever little it may be, towards reducing anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, which is estimated to grow at an average rate of 2.1 percent per year from 2003 to 2030 (International Energy Outlook, 2006, p.72), and associated green house effects. By

impacts of the War on Terror on the Policing of US Borders

impacts of the War on Terror on the Policing of US Borders â€Å"Some nations need to be more vigilant against terrorism at their borders if they want their relationship with the U.S. to remain the same† (Former Secretary of State Colin Powell, September 20th 2001). With reference to this statement, critically examine the impacts of the war on terror on the policing of the borders of the United States of America Introduction The 9/11 attacks and subsequent feelings they produced bear many similarities to the Pearl Harbour attacks of 1941 with respect to national identity and patriotism. With both events, the matter of immigration became a prominent issue, especially when considering the concern in America relating to the ‘enemy within’ (Schildkraut, 2002). These concerns manifested themselves in post 9/11 discussions on how best to police the borders of the US. Statements such as, ‘our enemies are hiding in open and available information,’ (Accenture, cited in Kestelyn, 2002: 8) led to calls for greater levels of surveillance, profiling and security, all of which have substantially increased post 9/11. The result has been the rapid expansion of the homeland security market both on American soil and overseas (Amoore, 2006). Rana and Rosas (2006:2) highlight, ‘the mobilisation of the amorphous category of terror, construction of enemy combatants and the collapsing of terrorists with immigrants,’ in creating a renewed fear around borders and illegal immigrants. The scope of the war on terror was expanded in America, where once the threat was considered to be those of Arab, Middle Eastern and Muslim descent, it now spread to include migrants crossing the borders of Canada and Mexico into the US. While Canada has received criticisms from US government officials relating to their border control policies, the focus of this paper will be on the US-Mexico border and in particular the border wall. The post 9/11 expansion of security manifested itself in large parts around the US-Mexico border, culminating in the signing of the Secure Fence Act in 2006 by then President George W. Bush thus allowing for 700 miles of physical barriers to be built along the border. This essay will take the title statement from Colin Powell and discuss how America has become more vigilant post 9/11 and observe the impacts. In addition, while reviewing the range of new measures enacted at the US-Mexico border, this paper will centre on displaying how these measures have been justified by those putting them in place. During these discussions the terms post 9/11 and war on terror shall be used interchangeably as both signify the period of time after the terrorist attacks. History of the Border It is important to note that while border control has long been a primary function of the state, it has been substantially heightened in the wake of 9/11 and the ensuing war on terror (Andreas, 2003). This has been exemplified by The US VISIT programme, run by consulting company Accenture who have created a ‘virtual border.’ This system allows the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to view, regulate and manage the lives of potential visitors (Amoore, 2006), thus preventing any potential threats from coming into contact with US soil (Accenture, 2004). This practice of surveillance and governing multiple aspects of people’s daily lives is a vital component of biometric borders that when all brought together provide ‘a set of unique physical characteristics that can be used to identify you’ (UK Border Agency, 2013). Given the proposed advantages of surveillance, it comes as no surprise that the US, like most modern countries, moved into an age of biopower in which the state regulates its subjects through, ‘an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugations of bodies and the control of populations’ (Foucault, 1976:140). Biopower has somewhat signalled the delocalisation of the border in that border functions have been separated from the physical border itself (Bico, 2002; Salter, 2004). However, the US-Mexico border post 9/11 illustrates a clear display of sovereign power with increased networks of disciplinary and military institutions at the actual border acting outside and above the normal law (Nail, 2013). The idea of being above the law and exhibiting high profile displays of force at the border is addressed in the subsequent section discussing the state of exception with consideration to the unique nature of the US-Mexico border. The State of Exception The events of 9/11 led to the US government declaring a state of emergency, a period in which policing powers are expanded. Philosopher Giorgio Agamben sees this as enabling the US government to create a state of exception, a legal measure that precludes normative laws (Agamben, 2004). This approach allows for constituents to be declared as homo sacer, the act of taking away basic civil and human rights from the individual. Accenture’s virtual border and the enhanced powers of the DHS illustrate Agamben’s view in that by providing biometric information required for the US-VISIT you are being stripped to a state of bare life. Agamben’s work around homo sacer, the idea he refers to as bare life (1998, 2000, 2005), has led to a number of scholars applying his work to post 9/11 events such as the new security methods applied at the US borders and the shameful actions documented Guantanamo Bay (Butler, 2004, Zizek, 2002, 2004). Undoubtedly, the creation of a state of exception increased calls for tougher border security and led to the implementation of a new 700 mile US-Mexico border wall and a rise in the number Border Patrol agents from 11,156 in 2005 to 20,119 in 2011 (Correa, 2013). While it has been resisted by many of those living along its path (Haddal et al, 2009), the DHS was able to use their considerable power to move, with force if necessary, those who opposed it. Correa (2013) collected data from residents in Cameron County, Texas, who had lost parts of their land or been forced to move with the implementation of the barrier. Resident Debra Langley described her mixed feelings in being forced to lose a substantial part of her farm due to the new border wall. While not wanting to move, Debra classified herself as a patriot and referred back to the days after 9/11 where George W. Bush said: ‘Either you are with us or you are with the terrorists’ (Bush, 2001). This sentiment has allow ed for the DHS to implement many of their expansive border measures such as drones, watchtowers and sensors with limited opposition as people are unwilling to question immigration and border policies for fear of coming across as unpatriotic. Considering the creation of a state of exception and limited opposition to tougher border policing it comes as little surprise that the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Water Act and the National Environment Policy among other environmental laws were waived in favour of constructing the 700 mile fence (Bartholemew, 2008; Correa, 2013). DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff came under a number of criticisms for his role in the implementation of the border wall with The New York Times (2008) saying: ‘To the long list of things the Bush administration is willing to trash in its rush to appease immigration hard-liners, you can now add dozens of important environmental laws and hundreds of thousands of acres of fragile habitat on the southern border.’ The environment has been so adversely affected by the physical barrier of the border wall yet it took until 2009 for the US government to act in trying to asses and restore the damage that has been caused. In criminalising the entire border area, nature was seen simply as part of the border and thus included in the criminalisation process (Nial, 2013). Even with laws being in place and the expected criticisms arriving from pro environmental sections of society, the government still had enough support to move forward with their projects. Collier (Collier, in Correa, 2013) sees the depiction of Mexican immigrants as a threat to the nation by the state and DHS as providing one of the main justifications for the barrier. Equally important is the role of politicians jumping on the immigration bandwagon in their attempts to garner votes during election periods post 9/11 (Correa, 2013); both notions shall be discussed in the remainder of this essay. Politicians US politicians quickly recognised the importance of supporting enhanced security in combatting the war on terror. The focus of attention swiftly turned to the border wall post 9/11 with its effectiveness coming under increased scrutiny. With George W Bush signing the 2006 Secure Fence Act, the impetus was placed on President Obama to follow suit; in 2012 Obama spent $11.7 billion on the wall to secure a number of areas considered at risk (Dwoskin, 2013). The official reason provided by the DHS for building the US Mexico border wall at a cost of $49 billion (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2009) was to stop unwanted migration. However, records since its construction display no conclusive reduction in illegal migration, while in contrast, migrant deaths, incarceration and excessive costs have rapidly increased. Nail (2013:113) describes the barrier as ‘a wall that was built to stop illegal migration, and has objectively failed to do so, yet continues to receive funding and political support regardless.’ While the potential backlash of scaling back the wall discourages many politicians from criticising it, providing support for greater security measures rarely sees a backlash from politicians or the general public. A method of justification discussed previously was depicting Mexican immigrants the greatest threat to America, we shall now discuss how this has developed post 9/11. Migrants The rhetoric of some politicians has undeniably resulted in some US citizens’ xenophobic fears of Muslims shifting towards the US-Mexico border, as it is presented as the new biggest terrorist threat to America (Correa, 2013). The Californian Congress representative Duncan Hunter and Senator John Cornyn provide two examples of high profile politicians calling for greater surveillance and military presence at the border citing terrorism as their rationale (Benett, 2005; Eaton, 2010). This portrayal of the US-Mexico border as a hub of international terrorism allows for the continued justification of militarising border regions in order to ‘protect’ America (Inda, 2006). Although illegal immigrants have been classified as ‘new’ security threats (Andreas, 2003), it is incorrect to believe that viewing them as national security concerns is a new phenomenon (Adamson, 2006). Long before 9/11, migration had been a focus of concern for America going back to th e Cold War when borders began to be far more closely scrutinised. This scrutiny rose significantly post 9/11 with a prominent reason being that securing and maintaining your border are, ‘arguably necessary preconditions for the maintenance of state security in other areas’ (Adamson, 2006:176). While it was thought that the end of the Cold War would signal a reduction in militarised borders (Mearsheimer, 1990), this has not been the case with the US Mexico border post 9/11 where in order to secure and maintain the border, we have seen a spike in amount of military apparatus used as a method of policing. Alongside this, there has been the merging of predominantly geopolitical intelligence work and domestic law enforcement work with the Pentagon taking a far more active role in matters of border enforcement (Andreas, 2003). This has resulted in surveillance of immigrants within the US increasing, especially since discourse on the ‘enemy within’ has risen. Interior policing has also expanded rapidly with 359,000 internal removals made in 2008, up from 180,000 in 2001 (Coleman, 2007). While this would appear to signal more is being done, we can look the role of private companies in operating the US Mexico border and see this simply as the circulation of illegal imm igrants. Politicians classify the border and especially the border wall as being in place to stop illegal migration yet the US government has hired private companies to secure the border. Boeing Corporation, G4S and Wackenhut are three such companies, all of whom, as private companies aim to generate the greatest amount of profit and thus not necessarily stop all illegal migration which would destroy their market (Nial, 2013). This circulation of illegal migrants enables the companies to maximise their profits and allows politicians to utilise the figures from arrests and illegal migrants entering the country to justify the increased levels of policing on the border (Norrell, 2007). Conclusion Looking at the history of policing on the US-Mexico border there have been notable changes since the war on terror began. Correa (2013) notes there has been a level of racial anxiety around the border since the 1920’s (resulting from the simple use/ definition of a border as keeping the enemy out), which has now culminated in the border existing in a ‘permanent state of racial emergency’ (Michaelsen, 2005: 89). The war on terrors’ main impact was the subsequent creation of the quasi- military DHS who facilitated the rapid militarisation of regions around the border, much to the detriment of the region’s nature and human population. Alongside this, it has legitimised groups such as The Minutemen who patrol the border stopping illegal immigrants attempting to cross (Marinucci and Martin, 2005). Considering there are high profile politicians such as John McCain boasting of making the US-Mexico border into ‘the most militarized border since the fal l of the Berlin Wall,’ (McCain, 2013), it appears there will be no subside in the levels of border policing. For any change to occur, the socio-historical construction of the US Mexico border as a violent and threatening area must subside (Correa, 2013). Bibliography Accenture. (2004). US DHS to develop and implement US VISIT program at air, land and sea ports of. Retrieved March 4, 2014, from Accenture. Adamson, F. B. (2006). Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security. International Security, 31(1), 165-199. Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. (D. Heller-Roazen, Trans.) Meridian. Agamben, G. (2000). Means Without End: Notes of Politics. (V. Binetti, C. Casarino, Trans.) University of Minnesota Press. Agamben, G. (2004). No To Bio-Political Tattooing. Paris: Le Monde Diplomatique. Agamben, G. (2005). State of Exception. (K. Attell, Trans.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Amoore, L. (2006). Biometric borders: Governing mobilities in the war on terror. Political Geography, 336-351. Andreas, P. (2003). Re-Drawing the Line, Borders and Security in the 21st Century. International Security, 28(2), 78-111. Bartholemew, W. (2008). South Texas groups sue DHS to restore environmental laws along the border. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from Sierra Club Lone Star: http://www.texas.sierraclub.org/ press/newsreleases/20080530.asp Benett, W. (2005, December 30). Hunter touts 700-mile border fence. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from North County Times: http://www.nctimes.com/news/article_aaec1e24-c6bd-549e-bcc1-a8ffe647148f.html Bigo, D. (2002). Security and Immigration: Toward a Critique of the Governmentality of Unease. 27, 63-92. Bush, G. W. (2001, September 20). Address to a joint session of Congress and the American people. Office of the Press Secretary. Washington DC. Butler, J. (2004). Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: New York Press. Coleman, M. (2007). Immigration geopolitics beyond the US–. Antipode, 39(1), 54-76. Correa, J. G. (2013). After 9/11 everything changed: Re-formations of state violence in everyday life on the US-Mexico border. Cultural Dynamics, 25(1), 99-119. Dwoskin, E. (2013, March 13). Sealing the U.S. Border Would Cost an Additional $28 Billion a Year. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from Bloomberg Business Week: http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-03-13/the-price-tag-for-sealing-the-u-dot-s-dot-border-isnt-pretty Eaton, T. (2010, March 18). Texas senators ask Obama to help prevent border violence Cornyn, Hutchisonwant Obama to meet them at U.S.-Mexico border. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from Austin American-Statesman: http://www.statesman.com/news/texas/texas-senators-ask-obama-to-help-pre-vent-border-383990.html Editorial. (2008, April 3). Michael Chertoff’s Insult. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from New York Times. Foucault, M. (1976). The History of Sexuality (Vol. 1). Gaskill, M. (2011, August 2). United States border fence threatens wildlife. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Nature: http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110802/full/news.2011.452.html Haddal, C., Kim, Y., Garcia, M. (2009, March). Border security: barriers along the U.S. international border. Congressional Research Service report for Congress. RL 33659. Home Office, U. B. (2013). Enrolling Your Biometric Information. Retrieved January 25, 2014, from Home Office, UK Border Agency: http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/visas-immigration/studying/adult-students/applying-inside-uk/biometric/ Inda, J. (2006). Border prophylaxis: technology, illegality and the government of immigration. Cultural Dynamics, 18(2), 115-138. Kestelyn, J. (2002). For want of a nail. Intelligent Enterprise, 5(7), 8. Marinucci, C., Martin, M. (2005, April 29). Governor endorses Minutemen on border / He parts with Bush on armed volunteers stopping illegal immigrants in Arizona. Retrieved February 25, 2014, from San Francisco Chronicle: http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Governor-endorses-Minutemen-on-border-He-parts-2685866.php Mearsheimer, J. J. (1990). Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War. International Security, 15(1), 5-56. Michaelsen, S. (2005). Between Japanese American internment and the USA Patriot Act: the bor-derlands and the permanent state of racial exception. A Journal of Chicano Studies, 30(2), 87-111. Nail, T. (2013). The Crossroads of Power: Michel Foucault and the US/Mexico Border Wall. Foucault Studies, 15, 110-128. Norrell, B. (2007, August 25). Privatizing Misery, Deporting and Imprisoning Migrants for Profit: The Hidden Agenda . Retrieved March 2, 2014, from The Narco News : www.narconews.com/Issue46/article2769.html Office, U. G. (2009). Technology Deployment Delays Persist and the Impact of Border . US Government Accountability Office. Pellegrini, F. (2001, September 28). TIME/CNN Poll: Americans Give Bush a Big Thumbs-Up. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from Time U.S.: http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,176815,00.html Rana, J., Rosas, G. (2006). Managing Crisis Post 9/11 Policing and Empire. Cultural Dynamics, 18(219), 218-234. Salter, M. (2004). Passports, Mobility, and Security: How Smart Can the Border Be? Policy in International Studies, 5(1), 71-91. Schildkraut, D. (2002, September). The More Things Change American Identity and Mass and Elite Responses to 9/11. Political Psychology, 23(3), 511-535. UK Border Agency. (2013). Retrieved March 4, 2014, from Enrolling your Biometric Information: http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/visas-immigration/working/tier2/ministerofreligion/applying/biometric/ Zizek, S. (2002). Welcome to the Desert of the Real! Five Essays on 11 September and Related Dates. London and New York: Verso. Zizek, S. (2004). Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle. London and New York: Verso. 1

Camphor: A Diminishing Industry of Great Importance :: Botany

Camphor: A Diminishing Industry of Great Importance Camphor, a member of the Family Lauraceae (Heywood, 1978), is much valued in different parts of the world, particularly in China. This prized botanical has been said to originate in China, but there have been references to Japan, Taiwan and East Asia in similar time periods. Camphor is abundant in mostly sub-tropical countries including India and Ceylon. The camphor tree also thrives in Egypt, the Canary Islands, Argentina, Europe, Florida, California, and Formosa. As trade routes to the east developed, the camphor tree began to flourish. Particularly important to Formosa, its abundance on the island formerly gave Japan control of the natural supply of camphor (VanNostrand 1968). Characteristics The camphor tree is an evergreen tree possessing many branches, small clustered white flowers, and red berries much like cinnamon. The Cinnamomum camphora tree grows to be 80 - 120 feet tall and the trunk reaches 6 feet in diameter (Internet site 3). Because of its enormous size, it is known to be a provider of great amounts of shade, which is its primary purpose in Florida, California and other southern states. The camphor tree is linked as a reminiscent of the lime or linden tree originally from Europe (Internet site 2). It is a near relative to Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Janick 1969). In order to obtain a product from the tree, certain procedures must be accomplished. The old method of extracting camphor has yet remained and involves chopping down a tree that has aged over fifty years. The camphor is ready to be extracted only if the tree is over fifty years old. After cutting the tree down, it is cut up into small pieces and distilled by primitive means. The crude product obtained is further distilled to remove the oil of camphor present and obtain crystalline camphor (VanNostrand 1968). According to Dreamlink Limited of the United Kingdom, the oil is extracted by steam distillation from the pulverized wood, branches and stump and by condensing those vapors. There are three separate fractions of the camphor oil; white being the lightest, brown as the medium oil, and yellow being the heaviest oil. Each has the camphoraceous sharp odor (Internet site 3). The camphor crystallizes from the oily portion of the distillate and purification is completed by pressing the wood and also by sublimation. A notable fact about camphor is the abundance that can be gathered even in only a small amount of trees.

Essay-Still Alice by Lisa Genova

Alice grew and evolved while everybody else changed Before reading Still Alice, I did not know this is what Alzheimer’s patients went through. I had no clue. I thought they were bed ridden and depressed, secluded in a dark room. But, for Alice this was life and while she grew and developed, others around her changed. Her relationships with her family and colleagues changed. Lisa Genova could not have picked a better disease. I think it was a blessing in disguise for Alice. Of course not to say that she should have gotten it.But, if she had cancer or ALS like what Morrie had in Mitch Albom’s Tuesdays with Morrie, Alice would have been a â€Å"hero. † On the contrary, she was repulsed and repelled by her society and her husband failed to understand her. This made her a stronger woman. She grew because she had dementia. Throughout the book, Genova reiterates that we think of success in terms of career and credentials. I am not impervious to that either. A person who is apparently really advanced in his or her career is deemed successful and the people, who work behind the scenes for example, being a mother, are not.Of course, Alice had a very successful career at Harvard. But, when she no longer wore â€Å"the imaginary blue ribbon†, she was no longer worth the respect and attention she used to get. Almost everybody’s attitude changed towards her. Alice had recalled them as people who â€Å"supported each other through slumps of negative data and grant rejection, through waves of crippling self-doubt, through illness and divorce. † Only this illness was any other but Alzheimer’s. Not only do some people have this attitude towards the disease, I realized that Alzheimer’s patients do not have many resources to begin with.As a society we have not paid attention to inventing some neat gadgets for patients that will allow them to recall important information for example, the directions to their house or the bathro om they could not find. Plus, she could not even find a support group for herself. Strangely, they had a support group for caregivers but, not for patients. So, she met Mary, Cathy and Dan. They too complained that their reputations had suffered at work. People associate the change in behavior of Alzheimer patients with substance abuse or a result of domestic problems.Eric Wellman thought like that. Dan, Alice’s research student was the only person in her academic circle, who respected her and demonstrated her big finish in career. After all, she was able to inspire him to carry on her work. The changes in her society did not stop at her career. Interestingly, as Alice’s disease evolved, her personal relationships did too. John, with whom she had spent her entire life, grew further from her. His fiddling with the wedding ring in the doctor’s office showed his weakness of faith in their marriage after Alice was diagnosed.The fact that he could not see her change when she had learned to be less stubborn about what she gets from Jerri’s was a sign that he wanted to live with and missed the old Alice. I think he had cried more times than anybody else in her family. It was hardest for him to cope with her illness. Perhaps because he was too dependent on her—the moment when he could not find his glasses, he needed Alice as Genova beautifully elaborated in the first paragraph. But, if Alice, the master of recalling things, were to lose that quality, how was he to function in that marriage? This was ironic.As John grew apart from her, I think the void was filled by Lydia—the child Alice knew the least. Where John reckoned with her mental capabilities and loved her for that, Lydia connected with her mother’s renewed emotional intelligence. That’s why I think she decided to join college after Alice had brought up the subject again. After all, she could trust her mother now. But, I was surprised when Lydia refused t o get tested for the disease. I think there are pros and cons of knowing. I would want to know. So, that I can get my act together and accomplish what I need to before I am no longer able to.It is like what Morrie said: everybody knows they are going to die but, nobody believes it. I would want to at least know that I may get Alzheimer’s and get used to the fact before it is too late. Even though Alice knew her other children more, they played a little role in her life after her diagnosis. I think since Anna was diagnosed with the mutated gene, she was more careful and empathetic towards her mother but I did not like her attitude. She was more concerned about herself than Alice. Tom sparingly showed up. I wonder why Genova kept him out of the picture most of the time. May be because he was busy studying and because he was a guy.And Alice’s progression was mainly emotional. So, knowing myself and a little bit about both genders, I think that emotions are mainly a female department. Alice’s role had metamorphosed from a scholar to a mother. And the fastest growth of motherhood was shown through communication via emotions between a mother and a daughter. For example, in the last paragraph Lydia asked her mother to relay her feelings after witnessing Lydia’s acting and Alice successfully communicated in just a few words. Alice connected beautifully with the language of emotions at a time when language, which made up her whole career, began to part with her.She frequently remembered her mother and sister. I wonder if it was Alzheimer’s or she needed comfort in remembering her family more. Similarly, the butterfly necklace became more important to her. It was a memory of her mother but, also signified a butterfly’s short but, beautiful life. I think Alice related to the story and so did I. But, it was intriguing when she had called on to God whom she had never called on to. In times of need I also feel the urge to be more sp iritual. This reminded me of Morrie, who admitted that he talked to God for the first time during the later stages of his illness.Also, Alice felt the need to visit her family’s graves. Reminds me of a time when I went to visit a cemetery with my friend. I had a hard time trying to think about mortality like Alice. She was not concentrating on death in the cemetery. She was thinking about John and their relationship. All in all, Genova did a great job of giving us a picture of what an Alzheimer’s patient may go through. She pointed out Alice’s inner thoughts and feelings and how she had matured in so many ways while keeping her personality intact. Like before, she used cognitive exercises to remember items.She was smart about the use of her blackberry and coming up with ideas to test her memory. She kept herself in an excellent physical condition. Which makes me want to get up and exercise every morning before I become senile. She also had a brilliant career and a family. Therefore, her initial decision to commit suicide came as a surprise. I think her family would not have approved of it. But overall, I think Alice grew in the process and others reacted accordingly. For instance, Lydia saw past the disease while John and Alice’s colleagues only saw what was shown to them.Therefore, I do not think Genova did justice to what other people might be feeling and thinking. Especially, I would have liked to read about John’s perspective. Ironically, even when Dr. Davis had initially said that Alice’s accounts may not be too reliable, Genova kept the story going from Alice’s point of view. This made me biased towards Alice while not having a clear idea of what John and other people may have been going through. But at least, now I have a better understanding of Alzheimer’s and its manifestations.

Sport: Teacher and Softball

Katelyn Poremski 3-8-13 English 100 Final Draft Softball is not just a Sport Softball is not just a sport to me. Sports can be used to learn life lessons in ways that they help shape attitude, portray passion, develop personality, and teach companionship. â€Å"When life throws you a curve ball† means that when life gives you obstacles to overcome. This is a quote relating to life incorporating baseball or softball in to it, using â€Å"curve ball† as a synonym for obstacles. Softball, along with other sports, is a great way to learn life lessons and is not just a sport.A sport, such as softball, is something that many people can benefit from. All ages, starting at 5 can enjoy the game of softball. We, as humans, benefit from learning, enjoying each others’ company, and overcoming and making progress in the game. These concepts can also be related to everyday life because we do each of these things every day. As people, we also need an outlet for our emotions and hardships that we face; softball can help us with this. Instead of taking out anger on another person, we can take our anger out on slamming the pitch and making a home run out of it.If you look at this from a more meaningful prospective, you can take your anger in life and always come out on top if you handle each situation in a positive and professional way. Softball also teaches people to have passion. I give a lot of recognition to the sport for teaching me to have passion not just in the game, but in life. Softball gave me something to be passionate about and also taught me to continue being passionate about other things such as my school work, and being successful.If I did not have softball in my life, I do not even know where I would be today because it was the first thing that I was passionate about. Since I was passionate about softball for all my life, it has given me great opportunities. The best opportunity it has given me is being able to go to a college that I love an d also being able to play softball. If I wasn’t as determined and passionate about softball I would have not gotten the opportunity to play at Point Park University. Being an athlete of softball has taught me so much in life. Having a great attitude while laying a sport was not always easy; however, I knew that if I did not have a good attitude I would not do well. This idea, also, carried over to everyday life. If I did not have a good attitude when I woke up in the morning was like if I did not have a good attitude going up to the plate when I was up to bat. I knew I would fail if I did not have this positive attitude. Softball also can teach people to express themselves. I would not be the person I am today if I did not have softball to help shape the person I am. It taught me to communicate as a teammate and be respectful to the other team.I also interpreted this in to my everyday life. If I did not communicate on the field, or if I did not communicate with my friends I w ould not have successful relationships with people. Also, if I did not respect people, people would not show any respect for me. In conclusion, softball has not only helped me in life with teaching lessons and shaping me as a person, but it has helped a lot of other people as well. Softball, along with other sports, is an exceptional outlet for dealing with emotions and hardships, let alone also teaching great life lessons.

How to Create a First-Class Ethics Term Paper

How to Create a First-Class Ethics Term Paper Writing an ethics term paper is equivalent to writing an ethical question. Therefore, your term paper should concentrate on issues concerning what ought to be done from an ethical perspective rather than what is practical or typical, or even what is consistently based on certain popular or religious beliefs. Your term paper should focus on issues concerning fairness, consequences, and rights as they constitute ethical reasoning. Your professor may provide you an opportunity to select term paper topics. Alternatively, you may be required to address specific issues that focus on the violation of peoples rights, the fairness of certain decisions, and personal and societal effects of certain choices. The success of your ethics term paper writing depends on how effectively you state your reasons for the position you take in argumentative narratives, how you articulate your arguments, how you adhere to stipulated guidelines, and how you observe term paper mechanics. Writing a term paper on ethics is a tedious process, especially when you lack necessary abilities and some level of understanding of the elements that constitute a term paper. Regardless of the level of your study in post-secondary education, writing term papers is part of the evaluation process that professors use to test your understanding of concepts, your ability to apply concepts, and your critical abilities. This guideline provides you with the necessary ethics term paper writing tips that will guide you through your ethics term paper writing process. Pre-Writing Tips from Our Writers for an Immediate Start Off Before beginning your term paper writing process, you need to understand the meaning of the term ‘pre-writing.’ Pre-writing denotes the actions you should take before you begin writing your first ethics draft. The main rule that guides the writing process to ensures one writes a high-quality term paper concerns working on the quality of your pre-writing phase and the outcome of the process. In this case, the more you work on your pre-writing, the easier it is to write your first and subsequent drafts of your term paper. Accordingly, you need to take pre-writing seriously. Below are the common and important pre-writing tips. Choice of the topic. The selection of your term paper topic is vital. If you have concepts or issues you have background information on or issues that tickle your interest, or those that are controversial or trending, these could be your ideal term paper topics. However, the issues and concepts should be based on topics in ethics, such as virtue theory, meta-ethics, consequentialism, and deontology, among others. Alternatively, search for topics within your preferred area of ethics in ethics journals, online platforms, books, and trending news. Perhaps your teacher will assign you a topic or provide a list from which you should select your subject matter. If such is the case, select your topic wisely. Brainstorming. Once you are done with the topic selection, you should move to brainstorming. Brainstorming involves writing down any word or words you can think of which are related to the ethics topic. You do not need to think much about their relevance. At this point, it is fine to have redundant material because it involves jotting down any ideas that cross your mind. Being redundant during this stage, is not a problem, as you will define your thoughts as you progress through the writing process. Thorough research. The ideas you come up with during the brainstorming session should help you develop viable ideas on appropriate term paper content. Research involves finding relevant sources that provide adequate information on your chosen term paper topic. Use keywords during your research, especially if it is based on online searches. The sources should be scholarly where possible and should be current unless you are tackling a topic that requires a historical overview. The context of your topic should also help you search for appropriate content for your term paper. Meticulous note-taking. Note taking should occur when conducting project research. It involves writing down the main points that come up during your research. The notes may not have a particular flow and may focus on different themes that may or may not form part of the term paper. It is important to draft quality notes that are not only legible but also clear in content. In this regard, ensure that you do not write sloppy notes as there is nothing as bad as not being able to make sense of your own writing. Solid plan. The final pre-writing tip concerns formulation of a quality plan. A quality plan is an outline of the term paper. Once you have your notes, it is now time to plan where specific points will fit in your term paper. In this case, plan your introductory content, information that will form the main part of the term paper, and inferences that you and your audience can draw from the term paper. Topic Selection for Your Ethics Term Paper A good ethics term paper topic should fascinate you, inspire your passion for engaging in writing about the topic, be specific and concrete, researchable, and should not be too technical or too trivial. Choosing an appropriate term paper topic involves several steps that involve: Searching for several topics and making a list of possible options. At this point, you can Google controversial topics in ethics, social issues affecting society but based on ethics, as well as current issues. You can go to the library and search for possible topics in ethics or browse magazines, journal articles, or encyclopedias. Eliminating topics. Once you have an idea on possible topics, cross off any topics that are not appealing to you and those with little research materials. If the ethics term paper is argumentative, cross off any topics that are not arguable. Highlight the most appealing topics. Appealing topics are those that are in line with your interests and those that are manageable and have adequate resource materials. From the highlighted topics, select one with materials and scope that can sustain your term paper. In this case, you should ask yourself the following questions before settling on a particular topic: What do I know about the topic? When is the topic appropriate for discussion? Is the topic current or outdated? How does the topic fit into the term paper objective? Is the topic too broad or too narrow? Do I have adequate resource material? If you can find answers to the above questions after settling on a topic, then you are good to go. Below are some examples of topics for your ethics term paper: Utilitarianism and Critical Analysis of the Ideology; The Concepts of Freedom vs. Happiness in Modern Society; Compare and Contrast of Utilitarianism and Egoism; Utilitarianism Is the Best Approach in Addressing Environmental Issues; Difference Between Utilitarianism and Deontology. Formulating a Thesis Statement for Your Ethics Term Paper Once you have your topic and ideas on what your term paper will focus, it is important to formulate a claim that forms your thesis statement. A thesis statement is a claim that presents the focus of your term paper. You need to understand that your term paper should have the main idea and the arguments you present in the paper should reflect the idea. A thesis statement captures the main ideas and your position on these ideas. It is specific and usually consists of two sentences or one depending on the objective of the term paper. The first sentence of the thesis statement should present the topic of your paper while the second sentence should comment on your position on the ethics topic. Questions you need to ask when formulating a thesis statement for your ethics term paper include: Where is my thesis statement? Is my thesis statement specific? Is the thesis statement too general? Is the statement clear and does it present my position on the discussion issue at hand? Is my thesis statement original? Does my thesis statement provide room for disputing the claims presented? An effective thesis statement is refutable. This implies that the target audience or a different writer can contest the arguments presented. As noted earlier, the thesis statement should be written as the last sentence of the paper introduction segment. Appropriate Outline for Your Ethics Term Paper A paper in ethics philosophy whether in deontology or existentialism or any other field of ethics consists of at least three parts, namely the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. The body segment has further divisions that can be presented in the form of paragraphs. These divisions focus on the presentation of arguments, the presentation of counter-arguments, and a response to the raised objections. Introduction. The opening paragraph of your term paper serves as an introduction to your paper. The introduction should present your topic, arguments discussed in the paper, your intended objective, and should contain a thesis statement and an explanation of your thesis. If you do not have a clear picture of your paper organization at this stage, it is appropriate to write the entire paper and compose the introduction once you finish the main body of the term paper. In this case, compose the other sections of the paper first, and come back to (re)write the introduction so that it reflects what your ethics term paper discusses. Where necessary, define the key terms in your thesis statement. These terms should define your paper and provide the scope of the term paper. Such terms may be, ‘abortion, ‘euthanasia,’ ‘immorality,’ and ‘personhood.’ Body. The body of the term paper should present your argument as stipulated in your introduction. The arguments should be presented in a paragraph form to imply that each paragraph should focus on one main argument. Moreover, each paragraph should have a topic sentence that makes a claim for the paragraph. The topic sentence should be in line with the term paper topic and the thesis statement. The subsequent sentences in the paragraph should provide evidence that supports the noted claim. In cases where the body section should contain subheadings, it is important to group themes in a way that they provide a systematic analysis of appropriate content for each subheading. Presenting arguments that support the thesis. This section is the part of the body section. The arguments constitute the greater part of the term paper. When presenting your term paper arguments, use compelling premises logically. Present the possible arguments in paragraphs. Each argument should be discussed in its own paragraph along with evidence that supports the argument. Your paragraphs should demonstrate that you have an understanding of the term paper topic and written content. Provide both empirical and theoretical support for the presented arguments and do not repeat your arguments. Presenting objections to the thesis. If your ethics term paper contains arguments that oppose the main claim, present them after articulating the main ideas. At this point, you step into your opponent’s shoes and ask yourself what some of the arguments against the thesis statement are. Review research materials whose authors disagree with your thesis and present their ideas as objections to your thesis. Each counter argument should be presented in its own paragraph just as when you present the main arguments. Remember your target audience and do not include unfounded counterarguments. Conclusion. The conclusion sums up your term paper and provides your recommended action plan where applicable. You should include a restatement of the thesis statement and a brief summary of arguments. Do not introduce new ideas and arguments at this stage because it only serves to summarize the entire term paper. Post Writing Tips on the Last Things You Should Do The post writing tips entail proofreading and referencing the ethics term paper. You should begin by checking the paper to ensure you identify the most significant points of the topic. Ensure that your paper is free of grammatical mistakes and sentence structure issues. The sentences should be coherent and in the correct tense. The logical presentation of ideas is important in a term paper; hence, proofreading should involve ensuring there is a coherent flow of ideas and arguments. Finally, ensure you quote any borrowed sources and use appropriate citation mechanisms as required by your professor.

Battle of Cape Esperance at Guadalcanal

Battle of Cape Esperance at Guadalcanal The Battle of Cape Esperance took place the night of October 11/12, 1942. It was part of the Guadalcanal Campaign of World War II. Background In early August 1942, Allied forces landed on Guadalcanal and succeeded in capturing an airfield that the Japanese were building. Dubbed Henderson Field, Allied aircraft operating from the Guadalcanal soon dominated the sea lanes around the island during daylight hours. As a result, the Japanese were forced to deliver reinforcements to the island at night using destroyers rather than larger, slower troop transports. Dubbed the Tokyo Express by the Allies, Japanese warships would depart bases in the Shortland Islands and make the run to Guadalcanal and back in a single night. In early October, Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa planned a major reinforcement convoy for Guadalcanal. Led by Rear Admiral Takatsugu Jojima, the force consisted of six destroyers and two seaplane tenders. In addition, Mikawa ordered Rear Admiral Aritomo Goto to lead a force of three cruisers and two destroyers with orders to shell Henderson Field while Jojimas ships delivered their troops. Departing the Shortlands early on October 11, both forces proceeded down The Slot towards Guadalcanal. While the Japanese were planning their operations, the Allies made plans to reinforce the island as well. Moving to Contact Departing New Caledonia on October 8, ships carrying the US 164th Infantry moved north towards Guadalcanal. To screen this convoy, Vice Admiral Robert Ghormley assigned Task Force 64, commanded by Rear Admiral Norman Hall, to operate near the island. Consisting of the cruisers USS San Francisco, USS Boise, USS Helena, and USS Salt Lake City, TF64 also included the destroyers USS Farenholt, USS Duncan, USS Buchanan, USS McCalla, and USS Laffey. Initially taking station off Rennell Island, Hall moved north on the 11th after receiving reports that Japanese ships had been sited in The Slot. With the fleets in motion, Japanese aircraft attacked Henderson Field during the day, with the goal of preventing Allied aircraft from locating and attacking Jojimas ships. As he moved north, Hall, aware that the Americans had faired badly in previous night battles with the Japanese, crafted a simple battle plan. Ordering his ships to form a column with destroyers at the head and rear, he instructed them to illuminate any targets with their searchlights so that the cruisers could fire accurately. Hall also informed his captains that they were open fire when the enemy was sited rather than waiting for orders. Battle Joined Approaching Cape Hunter on the northwest corner of Guadalcanal, Hall, flying his flag from San Francisco, ordered his cruisers to launch their floatplanes at 10:00 PM. An hour later, San Franciscos floatplane sighted Jojimas force off of Guadalcanal. Expecting more Japanese ships to be sighted, Hall maintained his course northeast, passing to the west of Savo Island. Reversing course at 11:30, some confusion led to the three lead destroyers (Farenholt, Duncan, and Laffey) being out of position. About this time, Gotos ships began appearing on the American radars. Initially believing these contacts to be the out of position destroyers, Hall took no action. As Farenholt and Laffey accelerated to reassume their proper positions, Duncan moved to attack the approaching Japanese ships. At 11:45, Gotos ships were visible to the American lookouts and Helena radioed asking permission to open fire using the general procedure request, Interrogatory Roger (meaning are we clear to act). Hall responded in the affirmative, and his surprise the entire American line opened fire. Aboard his flagship, Aoba, Goto was taken by complete surprise. Over the next few minutes, Aoba was hit more than 40 times by Helena, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Farenholt, and Laffey. Burning, with many of its guns out of action and Goto dead, Aoba turned to disengage. At 11:47, concerned that he was firing on his own ships, Hall ordered a cease-fire and asked his destroyers to confirm their positions. This done, the American ships resumed firing at 11:51 and pummeled the cruiser Furutaka. Burning from a hit to its torpedo tubes, Furutaka lost power after taking a torpedo from Buchanan. While the cruiser was burning, the Americans shifted their fire to the destroyer Fubuki sinking it. As the battle raged, the cruiser Kinugasa and destroyer Hatsuyuki turned away and missed the brunt of the American attack. Pursuing the fleeing Japanese ships, Boise was nearly hit by torpedoes from Kinugasa at 12:06 AM. Turning on their searchlights to illuminate the Japanese cruiser, Boise and Salt Lake City immediately took fire, with the former taking a hit to its magazine. At 12:20, with the Japanese retreating and his ships disorganized, Hall broke off the action. Later that night, Furutaka sank as a result of battle damage, and Duncan was lost to raging fires. Learning of the bombardment forces crisis, Jojima detached four destroyers to its aid after disembarking his troops. The next day, two of these, Murakumo and Shirayuki, were sunk by aircraft from Henderson Field. Aftermath The Battle of Cape Esperance cost Hall the destroyer Duncan and 163 killed. In addition, Boise and Farenholt were badly damaged. For the Japanese, losses included a cruiser and three destroyers, as well as 341–454 killed. Also, Aoba was badly damaged and out of action until February 1943. The Battle of Cape Esperance was the first Allied triumph over the Japanese in a night battle. A tactical victory for Hall, the engagement had little strategic significance as Jojima was able to deliver his troops. In assessing the battle, many of the American officers felt that chance had played a key role in allowing them to surprise the Japanese. This luck would not hold, and Allied naval forces were badly defeated on November 20, 1942, at the nearby Battle of Tassafaronga. Selected Sources US Naval Historical Center: Battle of Cape EsperanceOrder of Battle: Battle of Cape Esperance

College Transfer Acceptance Rates Which Schools Accept the Most Students

College Transfer Acceptance Rates Which Schools Accept the Most Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Transferring from one school to another is a wise or even necessary choice for many students, but it’s not without obstacles. College transfer acceptance rates are actually lower than freshman acceptance rates, meaning competition is higher. This might sound like it’s cause for alarm, but, like applying as a freshman, it just means you need to be prepared. If you need or want to transfer but aren’t sure where to go, check out some of the colleges with the best transfer acceptance rates. Reading transfer rates might make you feel like this, but don't get discouraged! Why Is the Acceptance Rate Lower for Transfer Students? Knowing the reasons why transfer acceptance rates are lower will help you better understand what schools are looking for.You can address these concerns about transfer students in your essay, demonstrating that you're a great candidate . Don't panic- it’s not impossible to be a successful transfer student! Because transfer students have already proven they can succeed in a college setting, it seems counter-intuitive that their acceptance rates would be lower.However, due to a lack of information on transfer student graduation rates as well as many misconceptions about transfer students, it's only recently that colleges have begun to court them. In the past, many colleges assumed that accepting transfer students would lower graduation rates. In fact, transfer studentsand students who start at a four-year school have the same graduation rate of 60 percent. The difference is that only 28 percent of community college students overall graduate within four years, and 60 percent of them never transfer. The low graduation and transfer rates may signal to colleges that community college students in particular aren't ready for four-year education, despitetheir graduation rate being the same as four-year students. Transfer students also tend to take more time to graduate, which is often because they aren’t enrolled full-time- many work or care for families while in school as well.Another common belief among colleges was that students who attended community college instead of a four-year school right after high school did so because they weren’t ready for a four-year education academically. As time has gone on, studies have shown that even top-scoring community college students don’t move on to four-year school, suggesting it’s not academic readiness, but rather some other obstacle- money being one of the biggest. Many transfer students are at lower income brackets than students who enroll directly to four-year universities. Low-income students typically have lower enrollment rates, but without surveying students directly, colleges may have assumed that transfer students just weren't ready for universities. In fact, one of the many reasons that transfer school enrollment was lower for low-income students is that many schools lacked scholarships and grants for incoming transfers, raising the financial burden. Coupled with many credits not transferring and therefore requiring more classes at a higher cost, the financial burden on low-income students was simply too high for a long time. However, things are changing- many schools have created pathways for students to move from community college to four-year schools with few obstacles. Good news! College transfer acceptance rates are improving! Why Are College Transfer Acceptance Rates Changing? There are a couple reasons that colleges are now beginning to accept transfer students at higher rates. One of the largest is that undergraduate enrollment has decreased, leaving more room for transfer students to take those spots. With lower undergrad enrollment, colleges need to find a way to make up the difference, and two years of tuition from a transfer student is more beneficial to colleges than having no tuition at all. But an even bigger reason is that elite colleges have a reputation as having largely homogeneousstudent bodies. Princeton admitted its first transfer students recently, which serves to add diversity to a college typically seen as white and wealthy. So though admission rates for transfer students are lower than rates for freshmen, that doesn’t mean you’re up against insurmountable odds. The processes for transfer students are changing, and planning ahead will protect you from many of the common obstacles transfer students run into. How Many Transfer Students Get In? Transfer acceptance rates vary between schools. Some- like Princeton- are just now beginning to accept transfer students after decades of having policies against them. Almost half of all college students enroll in two-year public schools, and 37 percent of all college students transfer at some point in their education. According to NACAC in 2010, the transfer acceptance rate is 64 percent overall. In the last eight years, however, significant strides have been made in simplifying the process for transfer students of all kinds. Of all two-year college students who transfer, some 42 percent go on to earn a bachelor’s degree- a substantial increase over the number of all two-year college students (around 13 percent) who earn a bachelor's degree.That’s actually slightly higher than the national average for earning a bachelor’s degree within four years. However, just 33 percent of students transfer within six years, extending the time they spend in school. Again, while all this looks bleak, it’s important to note that things are improving. With programs designed to smooth the process for transfer students by providing transparency about credit transfer, more financial assistance, and more interest in courting these students, rates are improving overall. If you want this to be your study space, plan early. Which Schools Have the Highest Transfer Acceptance Rates? Planning to transfer colleges is much like planning to attend a four-year school straight out of high school. You should develop a list of potential colleges to transfer to so that you can attend the school that best suits your needs, and having a variety of schools with different transfer acceptance rates is a great way to do that. Because there used to be some stigma that transfer students weren’t ready for a four-year education, there’s sometimes an assumption that transferring prevents you from getting into good schools. Though many Ivy League colleges do have extremely limited transfer programs, there are still many top universities that not only accept transfer applications, but one of them- University of California: Los Angeles- is both a top-ranked school and one of the biggest accepters of transfer students. Read on to find out which schools accept the most students and what acceptance rates the top schools have! 20 Schools That Accept the Most Transfer Students The biggest reason that some schools have higher transfer percentages is that they’ve instituted programs to make that pathway easier. Often, these schools will partner with local community colleges through articulation agreements, which help ensure that more credits transfer appropriately. These schools take some of the most transfer students in the US: School Transfer Acceptance Rate Number of Transfer Students Admitted San Francisco State University 72% 16,904 University of Maryland University College 99% 16,434 California State UniversityLos Angeles 63% 13,076 San Jose State University 62% 10,409 University of CaliforniaDavis 61% 10,317 California State UniversitySacramento 81% 10,144 University of Central Florida 67% 9,938 California State UniversityLong Beach 30% 9,159 California State UniversityNorthridge 50% 9,109 California State UniversityFullerton 34% 8,586 California State Polytechnic UniversityPomona 54% 8,324 University of Houston 86% 7,772 Florida International University 73% 7,352 University of South Florida 61% 7,343 University of CaliforniaLos Angeles 25% 5,720 University of North Texas 80% 5,593 Texas State University 89% 5,553 San Diego State University 20% 4,885 University of TexasArlington 69% 4,199 Liberty University 55% 2,7 University of Maryland University College, which has a whopping transfer acceptance of 99 percent, has partnerships with all 16 community colleges in the state, as well as 90 more throughout the US. Likewise, University of Central Florida has a variety of programs intended to make the transfer process smoother, including guaranteed admission for students at many colleges. If you can, find a school partnered with your current college to make the entire transfer process easier. Instead of worrying about classes that don’t match up and lost credits, you’ll know which courses you need to take and when. If these programs aren’t available, you’ll have to make your own. Do as much research as you can as early as possible to avoid losing credits or running into other obstacles while trying to transfer schools. Top schools are taking more transfer students today than they have in the past. Transfer Rates at Top 20 Schools Just like acceptance rates at top universities, transfer rates to schools like Princeton and Harvard are very low. Princeton previously accepted no transfer students at all, but since 2017 has been accepting just a handful of students per year.Princeton isn't the only one- more and more schools are increasing their outreach to college transfer students. Here are the transfer acceptance rates at US News' top-ranked national universities: School Transfer Acceptance Rate Number of Transfer Students Admitted Princeton University n/a 20 Harvard University 1% 16 Columbia University 6% 170 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4% 24 University of Chicago 5% 48 Yale University 0% 30 Stanford University 1% 31 Duke University 5% 26 University of Pennsylvania 8% 221 Johns Hopkins University 10% 3 Northwestern University 15% 282 California Institute of Technology 1% 3 Dartmouth College 1% 4 Brown University 5% 95 Vanderbilt University 29% 404 Cornell University 17% 852 Rice University 9% 54 University of Notre Dame 26% 235 University of CaliforniaLos Angeles 25% 5,720 Washington University in St. Louis 20% 228 These top schools are selective, but not impossible to get into. Vanderbilt has a 29 percent acceptance rate for students, and the University of California- Los Angeles takes almost 5,000 transfer students per year, despite its acceptance rate of 25 percent. Though you'll need to be truly exceptional to make it into Yale or Princeton as a transfer student, that's also true of applying straight out of high school.If you want to make it into the Ivy Leagues, plan early and make your application stand out, and always apply to multiple schools. With a strong enough application, you'll have your choice of schools to pick from, regardless of how low or high their acceptance rate is. Get your application in order and you'll be feeling great about transferring. How to Boost Your Acceptance Chances Though all this information is helpful in understanding the transfer process, acceptance isn’t just up to luck. With lower acceptance rates overall, you’ll need a highly polished application to stand apart from everybody else.(coming soon - "what universities look for in a transfer student") #1: Prepare Early The number one thing you can do to make your transfer process easier is to start early. If you’re attending community college, start thinking about what schools you’ll want to transfer to and work with an adviser to create an academic plan. If you’re transferring for other reasons, such as a program change or because you’re in the military, start doing some research right away.It’s better to do some unnecessary work in looking up school requirements than to realize your credits won’t transfer and there’s no way to fix it. The sooner you start, the more time you have to create a plan that’s going to benefit you in the long run. #2: Coordinate With Transfer Schools The easiest way to transfer schools is to find a school that’s part of an articulation agreement with your current college. These agreements mean there are already clear guidelines for what courses transfer and which don’t, eliminating some of the hassle and worry.If there’s no articulation agreement and your schools aren’t in contact with one another, see if your new school has a transfer department you can coordinate with. The more information you can get for what credits will transfer and which won’t, the better off you’ll be. Getting in touch early, even if you’re not accepted, can give you a better idea of what your next college will expect and help you plan out your time at your current school to be more efficient. #3: Treat Your Application Like You’re a Freshman Though it might seem like transfer students should have an edge in college admissions because they already have some experience, that’s not necessarily true. Don’t assume you’re going to have an easier time applying- treat your application with the same care and thoughtfulness you would if you were a freshman trying to make your first good impression. The further you get from high school, the less your high school grades and test scores matter. You can replace them with college grades if you have them. Your letters of recommendation should be from college professors rather than high school teachers, as well. But keep in mind that admissions is still competitive, and that you’ll need to stand out. Take your application seriously, and treat it as though they won’t be impressed by your prior experience as a college student- they should be impressed by you and your journey as a student, not just that you have college courses under your belt. #4: Write a Great Essay Essays aren’t the most important factor when transferring schools, but they are a great place to flesh out your application. In your essay, you should address your reasons for transferring, but be sure to stay positive. Instead of framing any dissatisfaction with your current school as a negative (such as, â€Å"The gym is old and crumbling, and there are no nice places to study on campus.†), focus instead on the positives of the school you’re applying to (such as, â€Å"[College]’s facilities consistently impress me- it’s not hard to see myself making friends on the tennis court or curling up with a book in the library.†] Follow all the best practices for writing college essays, but do be sure to fold your college experience in if you can. Why transfer now? Why transfer to this school in particular? What have you learned from your time in college, and what do you hope to learn in the next years of your program? You should be able to confidently answer all of these questions, even if they don’t come up in your essay. What's Next? Getting your transfer application in order can be confusing. What do you need? What don't you need? This guide has all the info on whether or not you'll need your SAT scores to transfer. Even if you don't dream of attending an Ivy League, a Harvard-worthy app makes you a shoo-in for other colleges. Learn more about crafting an amazing Ivy League application! Transfer students need to be just as judicious about choosing the right college as those entering college right out of high school. You'll need a good list of schools to apply to, and this guide can help! Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Healthy Eating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Healthy Eating - Essay Example For instance, nowadays, we are aware that cholesterol or fat is of two varieties, one that is good for health and the other that is positively harmful to the human body. In addition, people are lured by unhealthy food, on account of its attractive appearance and taste. Some methods for avoiding such food have been suggested in this work. These methods have been shown to be extremely effective in preventing their practitioner from falling prey to unhealthy food. Finally, conclusions were arrived at and recommendations were made. In order to remain healthy, it is important to avoid unhealthy eating or overeating. Bad eating habits can be eliminated by developing the desire to eat right. In addition to making up one’s mind to get rid of a bad habit, one should undertake a properly planned series of actions that will help in achieving this objective. Mere will power is insufficient to realise goals. Instead of relying on the force of will, one has to undertake well planned measures to convert one’s desires into reality. This applies to healthy eating, and one should comprehend the specific situations or conditions that provide opportunities for overeating. Such conscious knowledge is of great importance (Eating Right: A New Self-Control Paradigm 2009: 1). A healthy diet used to consist of a balanced diet of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. This was supplemented by the recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals. Adherence to such a diet provided sufficient energy and nutrients to the body. A healthy body effectively prevents disease. Subsequently, the development of science, served to extend the concept of a healthy diet. Although, the essential components of a well balanced diet remained unchanged, considerable knowledge was gained regarding the exact combinations within each food group (Eating for health 2008: 2). Overeating is a problematic habit and it should be relinquished as soon as possible, so as to avert harmful

Geology 3-8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Geology 3-8 - Essay Example The motion of plates situated here is continuous and earthquakes occur frequently because California is located in the middle of a fault segment. This means that it is a Transform-Fault Plate type. A tsunami is defined as a strong ocean wave that is the result of mostly an earthquake or at times a volcanic eruption. ( Hamilton, 2005). The causes of Tsunamis are basically earthquakes that cause the sea floor to rise or fall. This happens when plates strike with each other again and again at the border of a plate. Tsunamis occur when the earth’s crust becomes deformed due to earthquakes and the original position of the plates gets disturbed ( Tankut, 2009). Plates try to overlap each other and the heavier ones move under the less dense ones again causing the lithosphere to deform. Other than that, when the sea floor gets elevated or misshaped, a tsunami can be created even then. The Great Pacific Garbage patch, as it name implies is a huge patch of garbage in the northern region of the Pacific Ocean. The size of the patch is still not very clear but it is in the northern portion of the Pacific Ocean. This is due to the fact that plastics do not get destroyed but get converted into harmful substances that keep polluting the air and water around them hence making it dangerous for people who live or travel from there. It has also been damaging submarine and under water equipment as well as wild life. Green House Effect is defined as a process related to physics that captures and traps heat in the atmosphere of the earth. It is a result of the interface between the atmosphere and the sunlight.  Basically, the carbon dioxide that the atmosphere contains absorbs the heat which raises the temperature of the atmosphere. It is not a layer of carbon dioxide in the sky that reflects heat back down as it radiates from the Earths surface. Heat is absorbed by the

China-home for Apple or Samsung Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

China-home for Apple or Samsung - Research Paper Example The age of consumerism has accentuated the need for business organizations to ensure distinction between products and services so as to emerge successful in the competitive and turbulent business market. A section would also be devoted towards analysing the ethical aspects in marketing communication. Thereafter a primary study would also be conducted to analyse the consumer behaviour of the target market audience so as to finally conclude the study and suggest a set of plausible recommendations for the company so as to ensure sustainable competitive advantage in the lucrative Chinese consumer market. Introduction The era of globalisation has opened up a plethora of opportunities for business organizations. The emergence of new markets like Russia and China has opened up opportunities in a market where the traditional markets like Europe and USA are getting saturated beyond limits. However in order to make a successful international expansion it is very necessary to have a well knit business plan so as to effectively capture the market. Marketing communication plays a very significant role in this regard. This is because of the fact that marketing communications are the only source where the company conveys its intended message to the target market audience. In case of new markets this assumes even more significance as the positioning and image of the brand is largely developed as a result of marketing communication strategy used by the company. The present study would analyse the integrated marketing communication strategy for Apple for its proposed expansion into the Chinese market. The choi ce of the organization and the market assumes significance considering the fact that Apple is one of the most dominant brands and China is the fastest growing market in the world. Market and Literature Review Apple is one of the most repute brands and has been constantly rated among the top brands by leading agencies like Forbes and Fortune (Forbes, 2011). The company’s USP in the market is focussed on its innovative abilities to design new products. The company heavily relies on both internal as well as external communications to drive its products in the market (O'Grady, 2008, p.42). Apple is known to have a communications strategy that involves creation of a buzz while launching a new product or entering a market. The company strives on creating a ‘wow’ factor around the launch of a product. This was evident from the fact that long queues where observed during launch of iPods (ICMR, 2008). Apple’s competitor Samsung on the other hand relies on sponsorsh ips and advertisements on print and electronic media to communicate its message to the target market audience. The pricing of its products are also more competitive as compared to Apple. The product strategy of Apple is largely based on the aspect of innovation and uniqueness in design and features. Apple relies on cult based marketing in which the customers constitute a loyal lot and undertake measures to protect the brand and company. The company believes in turning customers into followers so as to generate loyalty and promote the brand in the market.

The Distinction Between Common Law and Statute Law Essay

The Distinction Between Common Law and Statute Law - Essay Example 4. The appeal dealt with three salient aspects – firstly, whether there had been an oral agreement between appellants and respondents to share the costs for the pumping station (b) whether there was a common obligation on the part of appellants and respondents to augment the sewerage supply system and whether the appellant was entitled to reimbursement from the respondent for his contribution (c) whether the trial judge’s order on costs for the counterclaim was to be set aside. 5. The appellants argued about contribution under a common obligation to construct the pumping station, such that respondents were obliged to reimburse Appellants for their share of the cost of the station. 6. The Court rejected the Appellant’s appeal of the District Court decision declaring that contribution under common obligation did not arise and ordered the Appellants to pay respondents their appeal costs. However, where the counterclaim of the Respondents was concerned, the Court dismissed the trial court’s order on costs and ordered respondents to pay Appellant’s costs on the counterclaim. 7. In a civil law case, the burden of proof requires the Plaintiff to produce evidence that will convince the Judge of their entitlement to receive relief. The requirement, in this case, was the evidentiary burden of proof, to support the Plaintiff’s claim for contributory costs. 8. One of the cases that were considered in this Appeal was Cockburn v GIO Finance Ltd (No 2) (2001) 51 NSWLR 624, where the views of Mason P at 631 that the right to contribution depends on matters of substance not form were taken into consideration. (b) The ratio decidendi, in this case, was whether the entitlement to contribution arose out of common obligations or coordinate burdens and obligations created by the Deeds since contribution depends on substance not form. The judges that no such obligation had arisen given the circumstances of the case.

The Role of Employee Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Role of Employee Identification - Essay Example I will develop my interpersonal skills by focusing on the subject of organizational communication in my course. This will help to understand different types of personality traits and how they react to different organizational culture. This will allow me to properly communicate with my supervisors as well as my subordinates. The proper communication will help me to monitor the performance level of the firm as well as communicate proper feedback to my supervisors. Improving analytical skills is a relatively long term process, where I will need to focus on problem solving and pattern recognition. I will strengthen my statistical knowledge and gain expertise in tools like excel and SPSS. This will also help me to improve my mathematical skills. Moreover, I will also focus on the financial aspect of management, because a manager needs to be profit oriented. By following the traits of great leaders, I will develop leadership qualities in me that will help me to motivate my employees.Descri bing KSA to a Prospective EmployerBeing an effective and efficient employee requires a combination of both knowledge and expertise. My management studies course has given me enough knowledge to understand the current market scenario and has prepared me to face challenging situations. I have developed analytical skills that will help me make proper decisions and allocate tasks effectively. My good communicational skills will help me to improve my performance efficiency in your organization.

The nature and scope of marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The nature and scope of marketing - Essay Example Marketing is about developing winning offers to each segment of customers. Furthermore, marketing is about managing productive customer relationships by attracting new customers and retaining existing one through offer of quality goods and services as well as satisfying them. They also measure the level of company’s brand image and customer’s satisfaction level. Selling and marketing have to be differentiated clearly. Selling mainly focuses on the sellers needs while marketing focuses on satisfying the buyer’s needs through product and everything that is linked with its creation, delivery and consumption. There are four pillars that support the marketing concept and they include; the target market, the needs of the consumer, integrated marketing and profitability. The marketing concept unlike selling takes a unique perspective. It begins its focus on a market that is well defined, focuses on the various needs of consumers, organizes activities that influence the consumers and makes profits through customer satisfaction. The fundamental marketing concepts include; marketing analysis, customer behavior, marketing instruments and marketing strategies. The nature and scope of marketing Over the past years, the argument on marketing nature and scope has continued to build up. This issue has resulted in newer definitions being introduced in some of the marketing textbooks. However, it is the obligation of the marketers to clearly give a clarification on what they would like the scope of their field to be like. This requirement results from the definition of marketing. It is referred to as a declaration of the scope of the field that has to be decided in a way that benefits the subject’s theoreticians, practitioners, and even teachers. In order to define the marketing scope in a logical way, standards ought to be established. These standards will provide useful guidance in testing all the marketing definition. Usually marketing task is perc eived to be that of creating, promoting and delivering different products and services to various consumers and businesses. Marketing is a wide subject involving a number of activities, which are aimed at increasing market share, retaining customers and adding new customers. The scope of marketing is classified to include; first, the study of the needs and wants of a consumer, the aim of production of goods is to satisfy different human wants. Therefore it is the obligation of every marketer to study consumer’s needs and wants. Consumers are motivated to buy the goods and services by their needs and wants. Secondly, marketing concern itself to the study of behavior of the buyer and competitors. The study of an individual buyer behavior is emphasized in the modern marketing. For market segmentation and market targeting, a marketer has to carefully analyze the customers’ pattern of behavior. The study of competitors helps a business entity to establish own competitive ad vantage and explore the strengths to win more customers. Thirdly, marketing involves planning and development of product. In marketing, product remains to be the core. The planning and development of a product begins with product idea creation and ends with the product commercialization and development. The decisions such as branding, packaging, labeling and grading comes under the product planning. It also covers existing product lines expansion or

The Role of Employee Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Role of Employee Identification - Essay Example I will develop my interpersonal skills by focusing on the subject of organizational communication in my course. This will help to understand different types of personality traits and how they react to different organizational culture. This will allow me to properly communicate with my supervisors as well as my subordinates. The proper communication will help me to monitor the performance level of the firm as well as communicate proper feedback to my supervisors. Improving analytical skills is a relatively long term process, where I will need to focus on problem solving and pattern recognition. I will strengthen my statistical knowledge and gain expertise in tools like excel and SPSS. This will also help me to improve my mathematical skills. Moreover, I will also focus on the financial aspect of management, because a manager needs to be profit oriented. By following the traits of great leaders, I will develop leadership qualities in me that will help me to motivate my employees.Descri bing KSA to a Prospective EmployerBeing an effective and efficient employee requires a combination of both knowledge and expertise. My management studies course has given me enough knowledge to understand the current market scenario and has prepared me to face challenging situations. I have developed analytical skills that will help me make proper decisions and allocate tasks effectively. My good communicational skills will help me to improve my performance efficiency in your organization.

Sample SWOT analysis Essay Example for Free

Sample SWOT analysis Essay SWOT analysis shows strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This sample SWOT analysis for David Jones can provide a competitive advantage. Strengths Real Estate is A Strength of David Jones(Has over 200 retail stores in France and Luxembourg)- David Jones Unique Products David Jones Brand Name David Jones(since 1838 ) Domestic Market Store locations as Low risk and high value locations Weaknesses -competitive market (Mayer .Woolworths. Coles Group .Wesfarmers) -investments in research and development Limited global penetration Opportunities -income level is at a constant increase -venture capital -new products and services -new acquisitions -growing demand Threats -global economy -tax changes -unexpected problems -growing competition and lower profitability SWOT Analysis Strength 1.Strong domestic presence in Australian market in fashion, electricity and food products 2. Variety of products offered 3.Store locations as Low risk and high value locations 4. Has over 200 retail stores in France and Luxembourg Weakness 1. Due to many options available, brand switching is high and low brand loyalty 2. Limited global penetration Opportunity 1. Entering into pharmaceutical business 2. Leveraging on brand name David Jones to enter into other product line extension Threats 1.Increasing domestic competition as new brands coming constantly 2. High brand switching by customers means limited brand loyalty

Design And Atmosphere In Customer Expectations About Restaurants

Design And Atmosphere In Customer Expectations About Restaurants What defines a good restaurant? A good location, wide variety of food offered and prices certainly are crucial factors but the best food in town wont help a restaurant out if the ambience is just not right and customers dont feel comfortable. Some like it entertaining and lively, others prefer quieter atmospheres. Perfect Design cant promise a charming atmosphere but can sometimes even seem boring. In this study different categories of restaurants will be identified, combined with an empirical research using three restaurants of different categories. Every important aspects of atmosphere creation will be explained and recommendations will be given. 1 Introduction and statement of relevance Aims of the BBA Thesis The aim of this Thesis is to identify the special aspects of customer satisfaction and analyze the importance of design and atmosphere in a hospitality establishment, specifically in a restaurant environment. It will examine whether or not design is an important factor shaping customer expectations about a restaurant. Different techniques of interior design and atmosphere creation will be identified such as usage of colors, lighting, use of smells and music. Further the thesis will explore successful design concepts in the Hospitality industry. The human senses that can be stimulated by design will be discussed and the therefore created emotions and their possible benefits to the hospitality industry identified. It will show how ambience affects consumer behavior and whether it can serve as a critical factor in determining the success or failure of a business. The thesis will also include examples of such successful design concepts. Analytical Procedure Publications will be studied and used to give an understanding of the term design, in relation to ambience creation. Different techniques and terms of design will be explained with the help of several publications provided in the list of resources. After giving the overall understanding of the given topic, the actual research analysis begins. Using the website www.onlineumfragen.com, an online questionnaire was designed, featuring pictures of three restaurants of different design categories. First there are questions about the overall design and atmosphere aspects of each individual restaurant (named Restaurant A, B and C in the questionnaires). Later the respondents will be asked to choose one of the three to plan a special event (e.g. their birthday) at. Choosing to conduct the survey online gave the opportunity to define a population using networks such as Facebook (www.facebook.com). A group was created on April 22nd 2010 and 1427 people were invited to join the group and kindly asked to complete the survey. After a week, the group was closed on April 29th. By then 201 people took part in the survey. After defining the relevance of design as a factor in customer expectations about a restaurant and how it therefore affects satisfaction by the example of three restaurants, the paper will give recommendations to enhance customer satisfaction and then conclude on the findings that were determined by the study. Restaurant Design In past times Interior Architecture or Interior Fitting described the very same process but the term Design became much more appropriate in todays world. Besides planning and handcraft Design involves intention and craftiness. Restaurant Design requires experience and precise know-how. Looking at the industry one realizes that there is a lot of competition in an immense marketplace. Chances of surviving challenges like an economic crises or even just a change to a new trend seem very low nowadays. According to Kotler (1983) the field of Marketing Research identified the importance of design and atmosphere in restaurants. The meaning of the total product gained importance, meaning the Restaurant and everything that comes with it. The tangible product, meaning the food and beverage aspect of the Restaurant play a minimal role in the buying decision of the customer. Kotler even claims that in some cases the atmosphere alone influences the buying decision the most. Design creates a new world of experiences In any given situation, whether in an upscale restaurant, in a dining car of a train, a simple tavern on the countryside, the guest should always be the center of attention. In any successful business t is essential to care about the customer and try to fulfill his or her needs by all means. Especially in todays world, consumers are looking for change and want to get away from it all. This also means that it is not sufficient anymore to count on having a renowned chef and excellent food in your restaurant anymore. It is more and more necessary to distinguish your restaurant through first-class service and create that special atmosphere in which guests will feel comfortable and the more will be animated to consume. It takes much more than simply changing the color of the walls, putting up new curtains, changing the lights, buying new tableware or furniture when planning and designing a restaurant. The architecture and the design of the actual space create the stage for the play, in which the idea and concept of the owner or designer have to be visually translated to the guests. The challenge here is to prepare guests for a culinary experience. This can be achieved through the right use of colors, materials and lightning to stimulate all five senses and thus prepare for consumption and pleasure. Significance of design and atmosphere in Restaurants Eating out has become as much a lifestyle choice and form of entertainment as a source of nourishment. (Ryder, 2007) The 7th P of Marketing and the 5 Senses of Man The 4Ps of Marketing (Product, Price, Place and Promotion) have for a long-time counted as the Marketing classics. When looking at the Marketing Mix of a service we shall add three more Ps. These are: People, Process, and Physical evidence. People in this case simply means Staff should have the appropriate interpersonal skills, attitude, and service knowledge to provide the service that consumers are paying for (Service Marketing Mix: The 7Ps). Process refers to the systems used to assist the organization in delivering the services. More important in this study though is the last of the Ps: Physical evidence. Physical Evidence is the element of the service mix, which allows the consumer again to make judgments on the organization. If you walk into a restaurant your expectations are of a clean, friendly environment. On an aircraft if you travel first class you expect enough room to be able to lie down! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Physical evidence is an essential ingredient of the service mix, consumers will make perceptions based on their sight of the service provision which will have an impact on the organizations perceptual plan of the service. (Service Marketing Mix: The 7Ps) Now besides this crucial 7 Ps, there are also the 5 S that are of importance here. In other words, it the 5 senses of man play a fundamental role in the buyers decision-making process. Man gathers all information through his environment. We experience our surroundings through our senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. Since Man is exposed to a stimulus satiation by todays industry, the sense of sight evolved as main criteria for perception of the surrounding environment. The sense of sight The sense of sight is the most dominant of senses in todays times. 70 to 80% of our perception is influenced by the sense of sight (Sehsinn). The human sense of sight can and should be stimulated in many ways by gastronomy. The interior furnishing, the color schemes, the lightning techniques, various design contrasts, the cleanliness of the establishment and even the appearance of the staff are significant aspects that can determine the success or failure of a business. All these factors also help to create a lasting image of the establishment in the customers mind, and can therefore result in to a customer that will return and recommend the restaurant to friends. If these aspects fail to stimulate the sense positively, the customer is sure not to return. The sense of hearing The sense of hearing allows Man to experience sound, noise and words and is fully developed already 4 to 5 month prior to birth (Senses, 2007). In Gastronomy there are multiple ways to stimulate this sense, on one hand there is the background music that is often used to create a certain ambience. Conversations among guests or staff or even between guest and staff and also noise that comes out of the kitchen can function as a stimulus. The soundscape should be lively, but not too loud and definitely not too silent. The acoustics can be well directed by means of carpets, sound absorbing materials, tablecloths and other dà ©cor. Depending on what kind of atmosphere one would want to create, the choice of music is another crucial factor. A line must be drawn between establishments like the newest In-restaurant in New York City and that charming Brasserie in Paris Saint Germain. One could say there lie worlds between the two and this must also be implemented when choosing the music. In G eneral one can say that the younger Generation is used to louder sound than the older, but in most hip restaurants in New York, the music is so loud there is barely any talking. Now imagine that soundscape in the charming Brasserie in Paris. So when making the choice about music volume one should consider the mean between the target groups and also not forget to adapt to the type of image and ambience one would want to transmit to the clients. The sense of taste The sense of taste is the least developed of all senses. Due to the fact that Man can only distinguish between 5 tastes it is almost unbelievable how a sense like that can determine our quality of life and joy for life to that extend. The older we get, the less we taste. A newborn child has about 10.000 taste buds, whereas adults only have 5.000 on average. (Senses, 2007) Man can only taste four qualities. These are: sweet, sour, bitter and salty. Other tastes are tasted through smelling, either through the nose or through the mouth and throat. The sense of taste is undoubtly the one of the most important factor for customer retention, but not anymore the most important in gastronomy. The menu and the quality of the food are factors that can determine the success of a business. If the food is good, the guests are more likely to turn a blind eye on shortcomings in the design and atmosphere. The optimum and everyones promise to glory and success is a good combination of the both, since customers are willing to consume more and with more pleasure if the right ambience is created around them. (Ryder, 2007) The sense of smell A designer who creates objects and spaces engages our sensations of touch, sight, and sometimes hearing. But what of our noses? Despite olfactions unmatched ability to evince memories and emotions-two essential objectives of design-smell is a relatively untapped medium in design practice. (Black, 2010) In gastronomy there are ways to market services through smell. The appetizingly smell of fresh prepared food, freshly brewed coffee, baked bred or even the smell of flowers can stimulate the sense of smell and therefore put the guests in a consumption mood. Strong body odor of staff or disturbing smells of the kitchen should be avoided as guests will feel disturbed and their appetite will probably be gone with the smell. Eva Wisten (2010) even goes so far as to claim that scent itself can be decribed as a form of design. All of the categories and critical tools we normally apply to design can also be applied to scent, from the recognition of a balance between means and goals, to the different degrees of engagement with the rest of the world. (WISTEN, 2010) Wisten further explains in her article that scent is already being used widely as a design element. Manufacturers seem to be reaching a tipping point of awareness that scent is important in creating a total brand experience. For example, casinos, hotels, private clubs, new automobiles are often designed with signature scents. (WISTEN, 2010) Scent can play a more emotional, expressive, and even functional role in our daily lives. Since Mans associations with scent are incredibly strong and cognitively bonded with memory and prior experiences, scents might open up new ways to learn and remember. Becoming more alive to scents will also add texture, depth, and richness to our everyday experiences, if we can find ways to incorporate them that move beyond air fresheners and analogs of natural scents. (WISTEN, 2010) Also, a scent can be used to tag objects and places and accordingly build associations and habits. According to Wisten (2010) it would therefore enable customer retention on a brand new level. (Black, 2010) The sense of touch Unfortunately the importance of the sense of touch is often underestimated in tourism. When exploring their surrounding, people like to look, taste, hear and smell but they also explore by touching the materials and even enjoy touching pleasant materials. A soft blanket in a Hotel room or comfortable chairs in a restaurant are factors that also determine a nice atmosphere. As mentioned above, the choice of materials is also important not only to the eye but even more so to the sense of touch. (ÃÆ'-ller, 2009) The science of colors Color. A characteristic of light or of surfaces or object that is perceptible to human vision and that is described by various color names, such as red or blue. (Pile, 1997) Colors stimulate all our senses; they are linked to our subconscious knowledge and memories and therefore create certain associations (Stadler, 2010). People try to flee the routine, to relax from the daily stress and to regenerate, but to be able to do so the atmosphere as to be right. Using colors, designers can stimulate the senses and therefore create moods or create different and completely new atmosphere (Stadler, 2010) It doesnt necessarily mean that everything has to be as colorful as it gets, but putting the right contrasts or accents and harmonizing design elements already does the trick. In other words extreme unity of colors leads to under-stimulation whereas extreme complexity leads to over-stimulation. Harmony is a dynamic equilibrium. (Morton, 2008) Understanding the science of colors is important to be able to create moods and emotions and direct guests to consume with pleasure. The world is too colorful to leave a wall blank and white, on the other hand loud colors arent the optimum either and can lead to unwelcomed side effects (Stadler, 2010). The use of colors belongs to one of the most fundamental possibilities to influence our surrounding and our wellbeing. Classification of colors There are three so called elementary or primary colors: Red, Blue and Yellow (Figure 1). In traditional color theory, these are the 3 pigment colors that can not be mixed or formed by any combination of other colors. All other colors are derived from these 3 hues. There are secondary colors that are created through mixing two of the primary colors with each other: Green, Violet, Orange (Figure 2). Blue and Yellow make Green, Blue and Red make Violet and Red and Yellow result in Orange. There are also tertiary colors that are formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color. Thats why the hue is a two-word name, such as blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange as seen in Figure 3. (Morton, 2008) Figure 1 Primary Colors: Blue, Red and Yellow Figure 2 Secondary Colors: Green, Orange and Violett Figure 3: Tertiary Colors: Yellow-Orange, Red-Orange, Red-Purple, Blue-Purple, Blue-Green and Yellow-Green. Effect of colors Before discussing the impact of specific color hues, there are some more general observations that need to be noted. It is widely accepted to order colors into general families of warm, cool and neutral colors. (Pile, 1997) Warm colors: The word warm has another meaning here, in the same sense as we speak of a warm greeting, a warm friendship or a warm atmosphere. The hues on the warm side of the color circle are: red, orange and yellow, including all their shades, tints. These warm colors are generally understood to create a cozy, comfortable, homelike and pleasant atmosphere (Pile, 1997). Experiments also have shown that interiors with primarily warm color shemes will appear comfortable to occupants even with the actual air temperature lower than required to achieve comparable comfort in identical spaces using cooler colors. Cool colors: Every shade and tint of the green-blue-violet side of the color circle fall under this term. They are related with calm, relaxing and more contemplative experiences. Cool colors tend to lower the sense of actual air temperature and therefore are often preferred in spaces where excessive heat (climatic or artificial) can be anticipated. At an extreme, cool colors may have a negative and depressive psychological impact (Pile, 1997). Neutral colors: White, Black and Gray fall between warm and cool, having less intense psychological impact and therefore in its extreme form may have a bland or boring effect. In its positive uses, neutral colors may propose businesslike, practical and utilitarian atmospheres with a minimum of emotional content (Pile, 1997). According to Molton (2008) colors have the power of conveying a mood or message. It can make or break how people perceive a business or a product. As evidence, consider the $23 million in sales made by Heinzs green ketchup. In the following abstract the effects of individual colors will be identified. Blue: Molton (2008) claims that blue color can work as appetite suppressant. Blue colored food is not a common occurrence in nature. There are no such things as blue salad, blue meat and besides blueberries, the color blue just doesnt exist a significant quantity of natural food color. Looking at Figure 4 one will admit that this dish with blue colored rice looks everything but tasty. Figure 4 Blue Rice, Cherry Tomatoes and Pork (http://i67.photobucket.com/albums/h289/cyberpete/Cooking/PICT0254.jpg) Spaces appear bigger in size and seem chilly and clean. In Interior Design one should use the color blue only in spaces to relax, for example in the Wellness area of a Hotel, where red would have the opposite effect. Red: Red is claimed to be a dynamic and aggressive color. It stimulates psychologically and physically, enhances labor and movement and even encourages dancing. Not only venues with a dance floor make successful use of this color but also restaurants use red in dining environments, since the right shade of red can work as an appetizer (Mahnke, 1996). It activates metabolism and blood circulation of the body as it signifies pure energy. However it can also appear overwhelming and result in irritated guests (Morton, Color Matters, 2008). Yellow: Yellow brings the sunshine in. The color has the effect of lightning up bad mood and puts a room into a sunny and positive atmosphere. Spaces even appear bigger and more vital. It enhances concentration and stimulates the mind towards a positive attitude even in combination with darker colors. It is commonly used in Cafà ©s and Bars since yellow inspires conversation and communication. In gastronomy it can be used to keep guests longer and therefore make them willing to consume more (Mahnke, 1996). Green: Green has a calming effect on people; it gives a feeling of balance tranquility, and security. The color is often used in conference rooms in Hotels (Pile, 1997) as it stands for creativity and willingness to learn new things. A green room appears vital and has a regenerating effect on the human organism. The color seems friendly and relaxing. Green is neither a cold nor a warm color, often it is understood as a neutral pole between the two. Orange: Orange can create a cheerful warm and comfortable atmosphere. It is known as the friendly and social color in Interior Design (Pile, 1997) that also has the ability to enhance appetite (Mahnke, 1996). Brown: Brown as used in interior decorating has the effect of giving a rustical and comfortable atmosphere. White, Black and Grey: White, Black and Grey belong to the so-called non-colors. They are perfect combined with other colors. However if too much black, white or grey is used in interior decoration it can give a feeling of heaviness and darkness. These colors make better use as neutralizers or contrasts to other colors (Pile, 1997). Color in Restaurants According to John Pile (1997), Restaurants call for a particularly sensitive use of color. An inappropriate color scheme might be the cause for a restaurant to fail even if it might have been successful otherwise. As mentioned in the previous abstract, appetite is very strongly affected by light and color. The sight of a blue cake wouldnt make your mouth water as much as it did when it was chocolate-brown. The experience of eating can be made more pleasant or less so, through the choice of color in surroundings. Experience suggests that certain colors are best avoided entirely; these include black, darker or cold grays, strong tones of violet and yellow-greens. (Pile, 1997). Pile further states that the color red is believed to be stimulating to the appetite and other warm tones tend to generate a comfortable atmosphere but should be used with moderation along with stronger accent colors. To conceal spots and soiling in a restaurant establishment, it is usual to choose certain colors, materials and patterns, however the color of such areas as tabletops, linens, dishes glassware and menus, that take in most of the diners field of vision of the restaurant, should be considered along with the colors of the rest of the interior space (Pile, 1997). In his book Color in Interior Design, John Pile claims that even the style of food should have an effect in color choice. He states that in fast-food outlets, cafeterias and other restaurants where a rapid pace of service is anticipated, the choice of bright colors and strong contrasts have the best effect. Restaurants with more traditional style, perhaps serving better cuisine at a more leisurely pace and probably even at higher prices, are better served by softer, warmer tones seen under a lower level of lighting. The use of natural wood tones, metallic elements, and mirrors are traditional elements in bar areas. Dining rooms of traditional clubs are commonly developed in tones of brown and tan suggesting a masculine atmosphere while lighter tones of cream, beige and yellow relate to a more varied clientele. (Pile, 1997). There are certain types of restaurants, such as Seafood restaurants, that have developed a tradition in style and setting, using natural wood for tabletops and floors along with areas of off white, tan or brown in other elements. The color Blue is a favored accent color, as it supposedly is associated with the sea, but it should definitely not be used in excess as to avoid a cold and unappetizing effect. Various national cuisine style restaurants can also be emphasized through use of color, such as white and red in Austrian or red green and white in Italian restaurants, but such associations are not essential and always threaten to turn to clichà © when they are overdone. Customer Satisfaction Questionnaires Importance of customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction depends on a product perceived performance in delivering value relative to a buyers expectations (Philip Kotler, 2006). The buyer will be satisfied, according to whether or not the products performance meets the expectations. Expectations are based on experiences, opinions of friends and market information and promises. New Baroque Introduction of New Baroque Venues of this category feature exuberant lightning, decadence and pattern. Many restaurants take their cues from this approach, yet are rather more contemporary with just the odd extravagant flourish. (Ryder, 2007) The restaurant chosen to represent this category in this study is the Cospaia in Brussels, Belgium. Figure 5 Restaurant COSPAIA, Brussels, Belgium Design Concept of Cospaia The concept is unique and mysterious. For Cospaia Jan Tindemans united a passionate designer and an exclusive location. The myth starts immediately with the location of Cospaia on the Boulevard de la Toison dOr. Many habitants and visitors of Brussels will surely remember some of the famous eateries that used to occupy this location. The entire neighborhood breathes luxury and coziness. Exclusive boutiques and first class hotels in the immediate vicinity, the Brussels Financial heart, the Embassies and the European quarter all within walking distance. It is a dream location for a new style restaurant with international ambition. Cospaia will easily fit in that exclusive list of addresses next to Cafà © Costes in Paris, Bank in London, Vau in Berlin and Arts in Barcelona. Marcel Wolterinck, an internationally recognized designer has created the interior design. (http://www.cospaia.be) 5.3. Presentation of Results from Questionnaires Global Views Introduction of Global Views Various aspects of other cultures and countries inspire the designs of restaurants of in category. Asia is continuing to lead the way as major influence in restaurant design in cities of the western world, whether or not it reflects the cuisine on offer. (Ryder, 2007) Representing the chapter Global Views in this study will the Megu Midtown in New York City, USA. Figure 6 Restaurant MEGU, New York City, USA Design Concept of Megu Designed and created by Yasumichi Morita and his Japenese based team Glamorous. For the first, Megu owner Mr Koji Imai asked Morita to introduce real Japanese beauty to New Yorkers. (Ryder, 2007) The design team Glamourous chose to blend traditional and modern Japanese times. Authentic and avant-garde Japanese ingredients are combined to suit every palate. The overall dà ©cor is filled with customary Japanese interior accents, complimented with a contemporary ambiance. The rich fabrics, the highest-grade wood materials, and the artistic integrity were upheld in the construction of MEGU Midtown. To express the rich design of Megu, they made the design rise vertically. Almost everything about the design in the main dining room points from the ceiling to the floor. The lamp pillars, the family crests that cascade from top to bottom, and the 27-foot long hand drawn mural of tigers. When the guests arrive, they walk up the stairs to the mezzanine and then descend to the main dining room when their reservation is ready. In the waiting bar there is illuminated photographic art conveying the heart of Japan, on 7-foot Kimono fabric pedestals. The visual delights at MEGU Midtown in terms of design are, the lamp pillars, the family crest emblems, the open sushi and Teppan-yaki kitchens, and the 500 pound Crystal Chandelier. Using the high ceilings and the wall-to-wall windows they have created another distinct and wonderful space. (www.megurestaurants.com/phi losophy) 6.3. Presentation of Results from Questionnaires Modern Classic Introduction Modern Classic Simple dining spaces that often feature classic designs from the twentieth century belong to this category. The interiors dont rely on any design tricks, themes or grand gestures. Instead the designers rely on the beauty of natural materials such as marble and stone for adornment. (Ryder, 2007) the example of this category presented in this study is The Modern in New York City, USA. Figure 7 Restaurant THE MODERN, New York City, USA Design concept of The Modern Inspired by the Bauhaus movement, The Modern was created by architects Bentel Bentel. The design plays a major role in every aspect of the dining experience at the Modern. Open, elegant and filled with light, the Dining Room offers views of the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. Both the Dining Room and Bar Room are adorned with furniture and tableware from modernist greats, with a focus on Danish design. (http://www.themodernnyc.com) 6.3. Presentation of Results from Questionnaires Research Design Research Design The type of research design is very important for the whole study and is a major factor for the significance of the results. In the case of this study a quantitative research design was chosen. Ryder (2007) defines restaurant design styles thematic categories: Global Views, New Baroque, Modern Classic and High Concept. In this study three categories were chosen as examples: Global Views, New Baroque and Modern Classic. Then one restaurant out of each of these categories was elected to represent the category. While preparing the questionnaires some recommendations were kept in mind. The length of the survey played an important role. The survey was designed online in English language only. It was kept in mind to keep the survey answer possibilities brief and simple. Three different pictures of different restaurant were implemented in the survey. This was done using the website http://www.onlineumfragen.com. Questions about the overall design and atmosphere relating to each picture of the three restaurants were created (Bitner, Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses, 1990) (Kisang, 2005) and (Wakefield Blodgett, 1999). After completing the general questions about each individual restaurant, the participants were asked to choose one establishment to plan a special event at (eg. their birthday party). The population was defined using the social network website http://www.facebook.com. A group was created and 1427 people invited to join. After one week of data collection (April 22nd April 29th 2010) the survey went offline and the analysis began. By then there were 201 samples in the study. Besides the Personal Data Information and the question where respondents are asked to choose one of the three restaurants for a special event, there are solely rating scales in the survey. All respondents completed the questionnaires through the website only. After some adjustments and the preparation of the data collected, the Data then was exported into the Program SPSS, ready for further analysis. The complete questionnaire can be found in the Appendices. Data analysis Demographics After one week of data collection a proud sample of 201 respondents was achieved. This abstract will give an introduction to the population of the study. 126 of the respondents in the survey are female, that leaves 75 male respondents (Figure 1:Gender). Figure 2: Age shows that 14 respondents were younger than 20 years old. The majority of respondents (98 respondents) are between 21 and 24 years old. 69 respondents are 25-29 years of age and 20 respondents are older than 30 years. Figure 8: Gender Figure 9: Age There are 121 respondents still at University and 70 respondents who already have graduated from University. 9 participants have a High school Diploma and 1 completed an Apprenticeship (Figure 6:Education). 115 Students took part in the survey. The remaining respondents are White-collar workers (2